prmedПервичная медико-санитарная помощьPrimary Health Care (Russian Federation)3034-41233034-4565LTD "Silicea-Poligraf"10.15829/3034-4123-2026-126HOEVYHprmed-126Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДОВ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯDEVELOPMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT METHODSПерспективы лечения сахарного диабета 1 типа: трансплантация генетически модифицированных клеток с применением технологии "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats"Prospects for type 1 diabetes treatment: transplantation of genetically modified cells using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats technologyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-4865УсановаА. А.UsanovaA. A.

Анна Александровна Усанова,  д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой

кафедра факультетской терапии с курсом медицинской реабилитации

Саранск

Anna A. Usanova

Saransk

anna61-u@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-8984НовиковаЭ. К.NovikovaE. K

Эльвира Камилевна Новикова, старший преподаватель

кафедра факультетской терапии с курсом медицинской реабилитации

Саранск

Elvira K. Novikova

Saransk

Elja_F@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8274-7906СергутоваН. П.SergutovaN. P.

Наталья Петровна Сергутова, к. м. н., доцент

кафедра факультетской терапии с курсом медицинской реабилитации

Саранск

Natalia P. Sergutova

Saransk

sergutovanp@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-0196КузмаФадиKuzmaFadi

Фади Кузма, к. м. н., доцент

кафедра факультетской терапии с курсом медицинской реабилитации

Саранск

Fadi Kuzma

Saransk

fadykuzma@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-3415ВасильковаА. С.VasilkovaA. S.

Анастасия Семеновна Василькова, к. м. н., доцент

кафедра госпитальной терапии и общей врачебной практики им. В. Г. Вогралика

Нижний Новгород

Anastasia S. Vasilkova

Nizhny Novgorod

a_vas23@mail.ruАлямкинС. Ю.AlyamkinS. Yu.

Сергей Юрьевич Алямкин. студент

Нижний Новгород

Sergey Y. Alyamkin

Nizhny Novgorod

alyamkins2002@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО "Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н. П. Огарева"РоссияOgarev National Research Mordovia State UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО "Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет" Минздрава РоссииРоссияPrivolzhsky Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation202621042026312633Copyright © Усанова А.А., Новикова Э.К., Сергутова Н.П., Кузма Ф., Василькова А.С., Алямкин С.Ю., 20262026Усанова А.А., Новикова Э.К., Сергутова Н.П., Кузма Ф., Василькова А.С., Алямкин С.Ю.Usanova A.A., Novikova E.K., Sergutova N.P., Kuzma F., Vasilkova A.S., Alyamkin S.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://prmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/126   Цель

   Цель. Провести анализ современных научных данных о применении генетически модифицированных инсулин-продуцирующих клеток, включая технологии редактирования генома (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats — CRISPR) в лечении сахарного диабета 1 типа (СД1), а также проанализировать потенциальную эффективность, безопасность и перспективы практического внедрения.

   Материал и методы

   Материал и методы. Выполнен аналитический обзор научных публикаций, клинических исследований, систематических обзоров и отчетов международных организаций, посвященных клеточной терапии и генной инженерии в контексте лечения СД1. Поиск источников осуществлялся в научных электронных базах данных (PubMed, eLibrary, Scopus) с использованием ключевых слов: сахарный диабет, генная инженерия, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Приоритет отдавался публикациям последнего десятилетия, отражающим наиболее актуальные достижения в области регенеративной медицины. Отобранные источники были проанализированы, систематизированы и объединены в тематические разделы: технологии получения инсулин-продуцирующих клеток, методы генетической модификации, клинические результаты, риски и ограничения применения.

   Результаты

   Результаты. Анализ источников показал, что трансплантация генетически модифицированных инсулин-продуцирующих клеток является перспективным направлением лечения СД1, направленным на восстановление эндогенной секреции инсулина. Использование технологии CRISPR позволяет снижать иммуногенность трансплантируемых клеток и потенциально избегать пожизненной иммуносупрессивной терапии. Первое клиническое исследование демонстрирует способность трансплантированных клеток обеспечивать гликемический контроль и уменьшать зависимость пациентов от экзогенного инсулина.

   Заключение

   Заключение. Показано, что сохраняются нерешенные вопросы, связанные с долгосрочной безопасностью, риском опухолевой трансформации, этическими аспектами и высокой стоимостью терапии. Требуютсят дальнейшие исследования и технологические совершенствования в данных областях.

   Aim

   Aim. To analyze current research data on the use of genetically modified insulin- producing cells, including genome editing technologies (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)), in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and to assess their potential efficacy, safety, and prospects for practical implementation.

   Material and methods

   Material and methods. We conducted an analytical review of publications, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and reports from international organizations on cell therapy and genetic engineering in the context of T1D treatment. A search of electronic databases (PubMed, eLibrary, Scopus) was conducted using the following keywords: diabetes mellitus, genetic engineering, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. Priority was given to publications from the last decade, reflecting the most relevant advances in regenerative medicine. The selected sources were analyzed, systematized, and organized into following thematic sections: technologies for obtaining insulin-producing cells, genetic modification methods, clinical results, risks, and limitations of use.

   Results

   Results. Analysis of the sources revealed that transplantation of genetically modified insulin- producing cells is a promising approach to treating type 1 diabetes, aimed at restoring endogenous insulin secretion. Using CRISPR technology, the immunogenicity of transplanted cells can be reduced, potentially avoiding lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. This first clinical study demonstrates the ability of transplanted cells to provide glycemic control and reduce patients' dependence on exogenous insulin.

   Conclusion

   Conclusion. Unresolved issues remain related to long-term safety, the risk of tumor transformation, ethical aspects, and the high cost of therapy. Further research and technological advancements are needed in these areas.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.